US Federal Judge bans free speech

According to Wikipedia, Wikileaks is a website which allows whistleblowers to release government and corporate documents, anonymously and without possible retribution. But a US federal district court judge has tried to close it down.

Wikileaks revealed details of criminal activity at the Cayman Island branch of the Julius Baer bank. Officials of the bank went crying to a California district court, and Judge Jeffrey White ordered Dynadot, registrar of the domain name wikileaks.org, to take that site name offline – permanently.

The New York Times says that the judge’s actions are unconstitutional: taking away the domain name “was akin to shutting down a newspaper because of objections to one article. The First Amendment requires the government to act only in the most dire circumstances when it regulates free expression.”

Judge White has acted like he’s an employee of Julius Baer… but what’s really funny is that the tizzy-fit in the US courts has been pretty much a waste of time. So the wikileak.org domain name has gone – but there’s still wikileaks.be, mirrored documents at cryptome.org, and Wikileaks is also available at the IP address http://88.80.13.160. To shut down these access methods, Julius Baer would have to pursue injunctions in all the jurisdictions where they’re registered or where the servers reside – and these are deliberately scattered around to make such action very difficult!

But, even though Julius Baer and their pet judge have been ineffectual, it’s still damn out of order for them to try and silence free speech on the net. Wikileaks serves an important function – its original purpose was, in part, to allow Chinese dissidents to speak out without having to watch their backs – and the American courts have revealed that they don’t give a toss about freedom of expression even though that freedom is meant to be constitutionally enshrined there.

In most countries, laws relating to free speech and a free press still don’t apply online, even though the internet has been in existence for years. So Judge White can try to hide behind the argument that a website is not a newspaper. But we all know that’s a bunch of bullshit. There’s an expression in England: “The law is an ass.” And it applies just as well to the judge.

Banned books – get ’em while they’re hot!!

Censorship pisses me off. And when officialdom bans books, that really burns my ass!!

So, when I found this banned manual on the net, I thought: Screw the Man! Everyone should be able to read this if they want! And now y’all can!!

The book in question is Department of the Army Technical Manual TM 31-210. It’s the U.S. Army’s official handbook on how to make improvised munitions – that’s improvised explosive devices or IEDs. And this particular .pdf is the “Thanks-to-Feinstein’s Electronic Edition”.

Until recently, the UK’s ridiculous anti-terrorist laws made mere possession of material like this a criminal offense!! But the Appeals Court has now ruled that such material is only illegal if it can be linked to a specific terrorist act. So if you have it just out of curiosity, like me, you’re not breaking the law.

Anyway, here it is. Enjoy!

PS: the above link is to a zipped pdf version of the handbook. Alternatively, you can click on this link to a zipped html version.

PPS: the site where I found the Improvised Munitions Handbook has loads of other banned/sensitive materials available for download.  Check it out, peeps!! It’s at http://cryptome.org.

Linux Tutorial: How to use a cellphone as a modem

Note: There is more up-to-date info on this subject, especially concerning mobile broadband HSDPA modems and 3G cellphones, to be found here. But the info on this page is still relevant. In particular, this page covers the program wvdial, which can be used if your network manager doesn’t detect your HSDPA modem.

I learnt how to connect to the internet through my cellphone because it was the only way I could get online from my home – at the time I was living in a flat where I wasn’t permitted to have a regular phoneline installed. And I still sometimes find it useful: if I’m out and about with my laptop, and I can’t find a wifi “hotspot” to use, I can generally get a GSM signal – in the UK it’s possible to get a signal in just about every urban area, and in a lot of rural areas too – and a GSM signal means you can connect to the internet via GPRS.

Some mobile service plans charge for internet access on a per MB of transferred data basis. This can turn out very expensive, as there is a lot of data transferred during an internet session. Especially if you download a 3 GB movie DVD!! However, many mobile plans charge a set fee for unlimited net access. My mobile provider, Orange, charge me £1 for one day’s unlimited access or £5 for a week’s access. And I believe in the USA it’s much cheaper.

So how do you use a mobile phone as a modem? With Windows, I haven’t got a clue. But with Linux, you establish a PPP connection with the mobile service provider’s servers, by using a dialler like wvdial. Wvdial comes included with a default installation of Ubuntu (my particular distro) and probably other Linux flavours too.

Connect your phone to the computer. I do this with a USB datacable that came with the phone, but some people use Bluetooth. The phone should be ON. My phone is a Sony Ericsson – when it’s linked to the computer, I have to choose between File Transfer and Phone Mode. To use the phone as a modem, I have to select Phone Mode. However, I sometimes use a Nokia phone, and there’s no mode-choosing necessary with that model.

Open a terminal and get yourself root status. Then type in the command

wvdialconf

This will cause wvdial to scan the computer for modems. You’ll get output something like this:

root@x-box:~# wvdialconf

Scanning your serial ports for a modem.

ttyS0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 — failed with 2400 baud, next try: 9600 baud
ttyS0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 — failed with 9600 baud, next try: 115200 baud
ttyS0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 — and failed too at 115200, giving up.
Modem Port Scan<*1>: S1 S2 S3
WvModem<*1>: Cannot get information for serial port.
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 Z — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0 — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Modem Identifier: ATI — Sony Ericsson W300
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 4800: AT — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 9600: AT — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 19200: AT — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 38400: AT — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 57600: AT — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 115200: AT — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 230400: AT — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 460800: AT — OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Max speed is 460800; that should be safe.
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0 — OK

Found an USB modem on /dev/ttyACM0.
/etc/wvdial.conf<Warn>: Can’t open ‘/etc/wvdial.conf’ for reading: No such file or directory
/etc/wvdial.conf<Warn>: …starting with blank configuration.
Modem configuration written to /etc/wvdial.conf.
ttyACM0<Info>: Speed 460800; init “ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0”
ttyACM1<Info>: Speed 460800; init “ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0”
root@x-box:~#

[Note: I’ve edited the output, to cut down on its length.]

Wvdial found my cellphone (“Modem Identifier: ATI — Sony Ericsson W300”), and reports that the phone is on port ttyACM0.

Then wvdial created a configuration file (/etc/wvdial.conf) and put some config info about the phone in it.

Edit /etc/wvdial.conf with your mobile service provider’s information. When I ran wvdialconf, the program created a wvdial.conf file as below:

root@x-box:~# cat /etc/wvdial.conf

[Dialer Defaults]
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = USB Modem
; Phone = <Target Phone Number>
ISDN = 0
; Username = <Your Login Name>
Init1 = ATZ
; Password = <Your Password>
Modem = /dev/ttyACM0
Baud = 460800

The program filled in some fields, but some have been left for you to do: specifically, the info needed to log in to your mobile service provider’s web servers. I edited the file to look like this:

[Dialer Defaults]
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = USB Modem
Phone = *99#
ISDN = 0
Username = A
Init1 = ATZ
Password = B
Modem = /dev/ttyACM0
Baud = 460800
Stupid Mode = Yes

The number in the Phone field is the number that the phone needs to call to access my mobile provider’s GPRS service. Your mobile network may use a different number – you’ll have to ask them.

My mobile network does not require usernames and passwords to access the web servers. But wvdial doesn’t like empty fields. So I put “A” and “B” in them.

I added the last line: Stupid Mode = Yes, otherwise wvdial will simply cycle when run without ever connecting.

*IMPORTANT* All the output recreated above is from a system that did not have any other modems connected. Most laptops have a modem or network card built-in, which wvdialconf will detect. But you’ll be able to see what information relates to your phone, and edit your wvdial.conf file accordingly.

So, now you can connect to the internet. To do this, open that terminal and, as root, type in the command

wvdial

You’ll get output like this:

root@x-box:~# wvdial
WvDial<*1>: WvDial: Internet dialer version 1.56
WvModem<*1>: Cannot get information for serial port.
WvDial<*1>: Initializing modem.
WvDial<*1>: Sending: ATZ
WvDial Modem<*1>: ATZ
WvDial Modem<*1>: OK
WvDial<*1>: Sending: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
WvDial Modem<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
WvDial Modem<*1>: OK
WvDial<*1>: Modem initialized.
WvDial<*1>: Sending: ATDT*99#
WvDial<*1>: Waiting for carrier.
WvDial Modem<*1>: ATDT*99#
WvDial Modem<*1>: CONNECT
WvDial Modem<*1>: ~[7f]}#@!}!}!} }8}#}$@#}(}”}’}”}”}&} } } } }%}&}$AUSgn~
WvDial<*1>: Carrier detected. Starting PPP immediately.
WvDial<Notice>: Starting pppd at Wed Jan 16 15:45:03 2008
WvDial<Notice>: Pid of pppd: 10689
WvDial<*1>: Using interface ppp0
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: local IP address 172.23.108.122
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: remote IP address 194.33.25.101
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: primary DNS address 193.36.81.37
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: secondary DNS address 193.36.81.38
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]

The program will appear to “hang” – the above text will just freeze on the monitor. But wvdial is actually holding the connection open until you terminate the link by hitting Ctrl-C.

Now you can use the connection by, for example, starting up your web browser; or open another terminal and run telnet or ssh, or do whois or ping commands. All these activities will run a lot slower than you’re used to – but they will run.

When you’re finished, hit Ctrl-C and wvdial will end with a closing message like this:

Caught signal 2: Attempting to exit gracefully…
WvDial<*1>: Terminating on signal 15
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: Connect time 0.8 minutes.
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: pppd: ��[06][08]��[06][08]
WvDial<*1>: Disconnecting at Wed Jan 16 15:45:50 2008
root@x-box:~#

Data connections via GPRS over GSM are very slow – mine often average about 5 K/sec. But 3G/UMTS is much faster. Nowhere near the performance over a landline, of course, but 3G will probably be the best bet. However, be warned: some mobile providers don’t like their customers to link to the internet this way, and I’ve been told that 3, a UK company, actively prevent it. Their customers can pay extra to get a GPRS modem, but linking a normal cellphone on a standard plan is not permitted. Tmobile also don’t like their customers to use their phones as modems. So beware! Or, better yet, use a network that doesn’t have such stupid rules!!

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Bradford 5 win appeal against thought crime conviction

 

from left to right: Awaab Iqbal, Aitzaz Zafar, Usman Malik, Mohammed Irfan Raja and Akbar ButtAt last the UK Appeal Court has ruled against Britain’s inequitable anti-terrorism law. The so-called “Bradford 5” – Awaab Iqbal, Aitzaz Zafar, Usman Malik, Mohammed Irfan Raja and Akbar Butt – were jailed last year for possessing and sharing extremist terror-related material, such as jihadi handbooks and guides to the manufacture of explosives. But 3 appeals court judges, including the Lord Chief Justice, ruled that mere possession of such materials is not illegal and quashed the convictions.

This action has dealt a serious blow to a major aspect of the UK’s anti-terror laws. Under the Terrorism Act (2000), “a person commits an offence if he possesses an article in circumstances which give rise to a reasonable suspicion that his possession is for a purpose connected with the commission, preparation or instigation of an act of terrorism.” Prosecution lawyers have argued that simply obtaining and sharing extremist literature was an offence under the law.

However, Lord Phillips, the Lord Chief Justice, has now ruled against this interpretation and said there must be “a direct connection between the object possessed and the act of terrorism.”

The government are not happy about this – they were very keen on having legislation that banned certain types of literature – and it’s possible the prosecution will appeal against this ruling. But human rights organisations, and freedom-loving people everywhere, are rejoicing. The Terrorism Act’s provisions against the possession of extremist material has been called a “thought crime”.

Imran Khan, solicitor for Mr Zafar, said: “My client is over the moon. He says it is surreal and he cannot see why he has spent the last two years in prison for looking at material which he had no intention of using for terrorism.

“Young people should not be frightened of exploring their world. There will always be people out there with wrong intentions, but we must not criminalise people for simply looking at material, whether it is good or bad.”

The conviction of the five young Muslim men was regarded as a test case, and is now set to lead to prosecutions against others being dropped. These include the conviction of 23-year-old Samina Malik – the so-called “lyrical terrorist”. She was the first woman to be convicted under the Terrorism Act and was given a nine months suspended sentence in December after being found guilty of possessing terrorist manuals.